Objective: The aim of the current retrospective study was to investigate antibiotic resistance rates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) strains isolated from wound and urine samples of inpatients between 2004 and 2008, and their extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production rates in 2006-2008 years in the Gulhane Military Medical Academy Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center.

Materials and Methods: 1641 E. coli (1406 urine, 235 wound) and 461 K. pneumoniae (360 urine, 101 wound) isolates were included in the study. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the antibiotics were tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). ESBL production was evaluated by the double disc synergy test.

Results: Our study revealed that the highest resistance was to ampicillin for E. coli (80.8%). The resistance of ampicillin for K. pneumoniae was accepted as 100% because of its natural resistance. Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic for both of two species (1.7% and 1.8%, respectively). Amikacin resistance rates were significantly low for both E. coli (6.2%), and K. pneumoniae (6.7%). Resistance rates to other antibiotics were quite high for both of two species. Between 2006 and 2008, ESBL-positiveness rates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains were 4.5%, 20.7%, 29.8%, and 8.8%, 10.8%, 24.1%, respectively.

Conclusion: Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance for each hospital is of particular importance in both empirical and etiological treatment of infections.