The Relation Among Serum Cytokine Values, Bone Mineral Density and Formation-Resorption Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women It has been widely accepted that the effectivity of some cytokines which promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, such as interleukin-1a, interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor increase within the postmenopausal period after cessation of estrogen which inhibits their actions. We assessed the serum levels of these cytokines and some of bone markers as well as the bone mineral densities (BMD) by dual X ray absorptiometry of 40 postmenopausal women to evaluate the relations between them. The subjects were asked for their demographig properties, menopausal periods and risk factors of osteoporosis. Only the serum levels of interleukin-1a and interleukin-1ß positively correlated significantly with the increasing age. None of the cytokines correlated with post-menopausal duration (p>0.05), however average cytokine levels were found to be higher in subjects being more than 10 years after menopause (p<0.05). Again only interleukin-1a and interleukin-1ß positively correlated with some of formation and resorption markers. No correlation was observed between BMD t scores of lumbar spine, femur neck, trochanter, Ward’s triangle and serum cytokine values. From an other point of view, osteoporotic subjects and subjects with BMD between normal limits within all measurement sites did not have significantly different cytokine levels (p>0.05). Nor the subjects with high cytokine levels did not have different t scores (p>0.05). As a conclusion we think BMD might be correlating with the levels of cytokines in bone microenvironment rather than serum levels. Additionally the studies assessing the cumulative impact of all cytokines should be performed