To assess the short-term effect of nasal salmon calcitonin on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Subjects with osteoporosis according to WHO criteria (T?-2.5) were recruited randomly into our study. Patients with secondary osteoporosis and under estrogen replacement therapy were excluded. Subjects were divided into two groups. First and second groups were given 100 IU and 200 IU nasal salmon calcitonin respectively and 500 mg elementary calcium. The blood osteocalcin urine deoxypyridinoline levels and BMD were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Twenty subjects for each group were recruited randomly (mean ages: 57.90±6,66 and 59.95±7.85). The serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline levels were decreased significantly at 3rd and 6th months of the treatment in both groups. In calcitonin 200 IU group there was insignificant augmentation of BMD at L1-L4 and femur neck region as well calcitonin 100 IU group’s at Ward’s triangle in 3 months. BMD was decreased in all other regions in 3 months. In 6 months there was insignificant augmentation of BMD in all areas in 200 IU group. In calcitonin 100 IU group there was a BMD augmentation in only L1-L4 and Ward’s triangle region. There was not any significant difference of scores between groups. Because of the minimal augmentation of the BMD at 6th months in all areas we may pointed out that the fracture risk was decreased in patients with nasal salmon calcitonin 200 IU/day treatment in short term. The diminution of the bone resorption and formation markers also showed that the fracture risk was decreased. Further investigations with long follow up period are necessary to assess the accurate effect of nasal salmon calcitonin in long ter